Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews RSS feed: Current Issue. As of 2007, no longer published by Elsevier "Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews - Formerly the Clinical Immunology Newsletter - A new format for the new millennium" Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews (CAIR) presents timely peer reviewed articles in "mini review" and full length review format on: 1) all aspects of the immune system in healthy subjects and patients; 2) the indications and interpretation of testing; 3) the development and evaluation of new immunological procedures and 4) regulatory issues related to the development of clinical tests and the management and accreditation of diagnostic laboratories. A focus of CAIR is "bench to bedside" or how discoveries in basic immunology has or will lead to improvements in the laboratory's management of specific patient populations. Readers will find a balanced presentation of review articles which focus on theories and discoveries in the etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis of immune mediated diseases and reviews on the development, improvement and evaluation and interpretation of clinical immunology procedures. Physicians and Laboratory Directors will find relevant updates and reviews ranging from theories of etiology and pathogensis to new laboratory methods for the diagnosis and management of patients in the disciplines of cancer immunology, neuroimmunology, autoimmunity, immune deficiency, allergy, transplantation and immunotherapy. Laboratory Directors, Managers and Technologists will find relevant reviews and evaluations of new laboratory technologies, basic science developments and laboratory compliance, accrediation and regulatory issues. Look to CAIR for: • The latest discoveries in basic immunology and their potential relevance to the clinical and diagnostic immunology laboratory including: - new cell surface markers, new components in cell signaling pathways, new cytokines, chemokines and their receptors • The latest theories on; - the immune etiology, immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy in HIV infection, cancer, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. • The latest advances in technology including: - flow cytometry, molecular biology array technologies and automation - development of new vaccines, adjuvants and novel immunotherapies • Recent developments in laboratory testing including; - the evaluation of normal immunological parameters and functions - the diagnosis of specific infections and immune mediated diseases - monitoring of disease activity and response to therapy. • The development and the results of clinical trials involving - new vaccines or adjuvants - novel immunotherapy in cancer, immunodeficiency and HIV infection - immune reconstitution following anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infection and in bone marrow transplantation • Clinical immunology case presentations which serve to highlight novel clinical immunology principles at the bench or the bedside To order this journal, and for more information, go to http://www.elsevierhealth.com http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews1529-104963-4May 2006 © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000481/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: The β2-integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, αLβ2, CD11a/CD18) is made of the association of the CD11a and CD18 subunits that each possesses a large extracellular region and short transmembrane and cytoplasmic parts. A general comparison among species enlights the importance of especially conserved functional regions, as well as their role in folding and heterodimerization. This review also focuses on providing insights into structural aspects that lead to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 ability, central to its critical role in the molecular interactions responsible for leukocyte adhesion and migration in the immune system, to modulate dynamically its adhesiveness through avidity (affinity and valency)-based mechanisms.Anatomy of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1L. Zecchinon, T. Fett, P. Vanden Bergh, D. Desmecht10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.002Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2149172http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS152910490600050X/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18, αLβ2) actively contributes to the molecular interactions responsible for normal functions of the immune system but is also associated to several diseases from various etiology (genetic, bacterial, viral, neoplastic, allergic, and autoimmune). In this way, the interaction between lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 and its major ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1 or CD54) has been extensively studied, leading to the development of therapeutic antibodies, peptides, and small inhibitory molecules.Bind another day: The LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction as therapeutic targetL. Zecchinon, T. Fett, P. Vanden Bergh, D. Desmecht10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.004Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2173189http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000511/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: To patrol the body effectively for infectious organisms, the cells of the immune system must both circulate as nonadherent cells in the blood and lymph and, in the presence of a foreign antigen, be able to congregate in lymphoid organs, cross endothelial and basement membranes to aggregate at sites of infection, and adhere to cells bearing foreign antigen. In this context, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, αLβ2, CD11a/CD18) plays a critical role (1) in forming stable bonds with counter receptors in the vascular walls to allow leukocytes to leave the circulation and (2) in validating the interaction between an antigen presenting cell and a T lymphocyte. Both roles are described in detail in this review.Key roles of LFA-1 in leukocyte migration and immune responseL. Zecchinon, T. Fett, P. Vanden Bergh, D. Desmecht10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.003Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2191200http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000493/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, αLβ2, CD11a/CD18) plays a critical role in the complex and well-orchestrated molecular interactions responsible for cell adhesion events required for normal and pathologic functions of the immune system. This review focuses on the diseases from various etiologies (genetic, bacterial, viral, neoplastic, allergic, and autoimmune) that are associated to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 with a tremendous impact on human and animal health.LFA-1 and associated diseases: The dark side of a receptorL. Zecchinon, T. Fett, P. Vanden Bergh, D. Desmecht10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.005Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2201216http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000523/abstract?rss=yesAbstract: Malignant melanoma is a lethal disease for which the only curative therapy of proven benefit is complete surgical resection for early stage disease. Melanoma is a disease that is usually resistant to systemic therapy, with dacarbazine and interleukin-2 being the only 2 United States Food and Drug Administration approved drugs for advanced disease, and interferon alfa-2b the only one approved therapy for adjuvant treatment of high-risk disease. Evidence has shown that melanoma cells can be immunogenic prompting extensive basic and clinical research attempting to develop effective antimelanoma vaccine therapies. In this review, we concentrate on clinical results of vaccine trials in patients with melanoma.Vaccine therapy of malignant melanomaDaniel Farray, Joseph I. Clark10.1016/j.cair.2006.09.001Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2217230http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000596/abstract?rss=yesAuthor Index to Volume 610.1016/S1529-1049(06)00059-6Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2231231http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000663/abstract?rss=yesKeyword Index10.1016/S1529-1049(06)00066-3Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2233233http://www.clinappliedimmun.com/article/PIIS1529104906000614/abstract?rss=yesVolume 6 contents10.1016/S1529-1049(06)00061-4Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews 6, 3 (2006)2006-05-01Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews2006-05-0163-4S1529-1049(06)X0027-2235236